Hi! My name is Shouq. This is my part of physics two report which was about Hall Effect. Electricity and Optics - Phys241 -AUM - American University of the Middle East - Spring 2017.
Introduction
The Hall Effect is a principle that was
found by a physicist called Edwin Herbert Hall. Edwin Hall was born on November
7, 1855. He was experimenting with a lot of scientific activities throughout
his life, but his most common and famous scientific discovery was found in 1879
which is the Hall Effect. The Hall Effect principle is the most famous and
common method that are used to measure magnetic field.
In this report, we will be discussing the principle of Hall Effect, the
hypothesis, how it works, the motivation of the principle, the history, the
physical background, application, and the conclusion to this report as well.
Hypothesis:
The Hall Effect principle was found when Edwin happened to be using a
semiconductor that has a current with moving charges that are all moving in the
same exact direction. The semiconductor was shown to be perpendicular to a
field that is called the magnetic field. The voltage can be measured at the
right angles the path of the current. The identification and analogy that was
common at that time was the electric current in a wire to a moving and flowing
liquid inside a pipe. Edwin Hall's discovered theory compared to the magnetic
force on the current that was found in a crowing to the exact same side of the
wire or the pipe.
The experiment
that explains the Hall Effect is a really simple experiment and can be
understood easily. When we have a TiN-conductive plate being used while setting
a current to flow throughout the tin plated bar, we will notice that the charge
carries will flow from one side to the other side in a straight line. After
that, we bring a magnetic field nearby the conductive plate. We will find out
that we caused a distribution to the charge carries that were flowing in a
straight line. All of that happened due to a force that is called Lorentz
Force. In this case, the negative charged electrons will gather in one side of
the conductive plate, while all the positive charges will go to the other side
of the plate. This means if a voltammeter was put between the positive and
negative charges, we will get some measurable voltage quantities. To sum up
everything, Hall Effect is the effect of getting a voltage that can be measured
easily.
The current flows throughout the
tin-conductive plated
A magnetic field disturbs the positive and
negative charges,
and make them go in different sides of the plate
Hall Effect Sensors
When you use most of Hall Effect sensors, you will get a really small
voltage only, but it got changed now. Now Hall Effect sensors are mainly
manufactured with high gain amplifiers inside it.
There are different types of amplifiers that are used in Hall Effect sensors,
one is providing analog output and the other is digital output. The analog
sensor includes a voltage regulator, amplifier, and a Hall element as well. If
you look at then circuit, you will notice that the output of the Hall Effect
sensor is analog in this case. The analog output is proportional to the
magnetic field strength or to the Hall element output.
Hall Effect digital
output sensors have two states only. It is either "yes" or
"no", there is no another option. In this case, "yes" and
"no" could also mean "high" and "low" and so on.
An example for Hall Effect digital output sensors could be the switch button in
three dimension printer.
Motivation of the work:
There is no doubt that The Hall Effect is a great principle that was ever
found. It has many impacts on our lives nowadays. The importance of Hall Effect
can be clearly seen through the fact that the discovery of Hall Effect made it
finally possible to find the size and the measurement of an import constant of
physics. It is called The Fine Structure Constant, and it is used to reach an
unreachable great amount of accuracy. Hall Effect also helps scientists to get
an easy achieved standard to get a precise determination of conductivity and
accessibility.
Hall Effect is important for today's technology in many different ways. One
of its importance is a semiconductor whose ability to behave and conduct an
electric current rises and increases together with temperature, and also whose
charge transfers and carries can be negatively or positively charged, relying
on the defect and impurity introduced into them. In general, the Hall Effect is
being used to show and prove which type of material someone is dealing with and
that can be done throughout measuring the Hall potential, the magnetic field,
the current, and the sample geometry. It will be very easy to find and
calculate the amount of charge carries per every unit of volume in the material
that we are testing.
If Hall Effect was not found, the sequence of many great developments
could not have been discovered.
References:
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF EDWIN HERBERT HALL. (1939). NATIONAL ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES. Retrieved 30 March 2017, from http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/hall-edwin.pdf
engineering, i., & Effect?, W. (2017). What is
the Hall Effect?. Melexis. Retrieved 31 March 2017, from https://www.melexis.com/en/articles/hall-effect
Hall Effect - Importance of Hall effect. (2015). Science.jrank.org.
Retrieved 31 March 2017, from http://science.jrank.org/pages/3194/Hall-Effect.html
"What Is Hall Effect And How Hall Effect Sensors
Work - Howtomechatronics". HowToMechatronics. N.p., 2015. Web. 2
Apr. 2017, from http://howtomechatronics.com/how-it-works/electrical-engineering/hall-effect-hall-effect-sensors-work/
Lintronics Technology. (2017). Lintronicstech.com. Retrieved 2 April 2017, from http://www.lintronicstech.com/